What are genital warts?

Genital warts are a common clinical disease. They are very harmful to the human body, have a certain degree of infectiousness, and are mainly transmitted through sexual intercourse. Many people do not have a deep understanding of genital warts and therefore do not pay much attention to them. The incidence of genital warts is very high, so cleanliness and hygiene are particularly important.

1. Male genital warts are one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases, also known as genital warts or venereal warts. It is a cauliflower-shaped, nipple-like growth around the genitals or anus caused by human papillomavirus infection. The incidence of male sexually transmitted diseases genital warts is increasing year by year, and 15 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are related to genital warts, among which types 16, 18, 31, and 39 are related to the occurrence of cervical cancer. Therefore, people should pay attention to it.

2. HPV infection of genital warts is transmitted through sexual contact. Small trauma at the contact site can promote infection. All three types of squamous epithelia (skin, mucous membranes, and metaplasia) are sensitive to HPV infection. Each type of HPV is associated with specific clinical lesions and has its own predilection site on the skin or mucosal squamous epithelium. Infection may occur when shed surface cells or keratin fragments containing relatively large numbers of virus particles enter the clefts of susceptible epithelia. It may be caused by direct contact or, less commonly, automatic inoculation or infection through contaminated underwear, bathtubs, washcloths, or bedpans.

3. After the virus infects the human body, it can lurk between the basal keratinocytes and replicate in the epidermal cell layer. HPV invades the cell nucleus, causing rapid cell division, accompanied by the reproduction and spread of viral particles, forming characteristic papilloma. In the late stage, the gene expresses structural polypeptides, that is, structural protein assembled particles appear. The virus is mainly concentrated in the cell nuclei in the granular layer. The number of concave cells in the granular layer of the epidermis increases, and histologically normal epithelial cells also have HPV. Residual DNA after treatment can often lead to recurrence of the disease.